Introduction: Discovering the Unique World of Cuban Pizza
When you think of pizza, you might picture thin-crust Italian pies or thick, cheesy slices from New York. However, there’s a lesser-known variant that pizza lovers should explore: the Cuban version. This distinctive style has a rich history, unique flavor profile, and a special place in Cuban culture. But what is this pizza called in Cuba?
In this article, we’ll dive into the world of this unique dish. We’ll explore its origins, ingredients, preparation methods, and why it’s beloved in Cuba and Cuban communities worldwide. By the end, you’ll understand what makes it stand out and why it deserves a spot on your culinary bucket list.
The Origins of Cuban Pizza: A Fusion of Cultures
A Culinary Tradition Born of Necessity and Ingenuity
In Cuba, pizza evolved into a unique form known locally as “pizza Cubana.” This evolution began in the mid-20th century when Italian immigrants introduced their culinary traditions to the island. Due to limited resources and the need to adapt to local ingredients, this version emerged, reflecting Cuba’s unique cultural and historical context.
During the 1950s, Havana saw a significant influx of Italian immigrants who brought traditional dishes such as pasta, pizza, and gelato. However, the scarcity of certain ingredients required adaptation, resulting in a dish that was affordable, filling, and distinctly Cuban.
In Cuba, this pizza became a popular street food, sold by small, family-run pizzerias known as paladares or by vendors with makeshift stands. The dish was adapted to fit the economic and social conditions of the time, making it accessible to many Cubans.
What Makes This Pizza Unique?
The Dough: A Softer, Sweeter Base
One defining characteristic of this pizza is its dough. Unlike the thin, crispy crusts of Italian pizzas or the chewy, thick crusts of New York-style pizzas, Cuban pizza dough is softer, almost resembling thick, fluffy bread. This dough is often slightly sweet because sugar is commonly added during preparation. The result is a tender crust with a subtle sweetness that complements the savory toppings.
The dough is typically made with basic ingredients: flour, water, yeast, sugar, and a pinch of salt. The addition of sugar gives the dough its characteristic sweetness and helps it brown nicely in the oven, creating a golden, appetizing crust.
The Sauce: A Flavorful Tomato Base
The sauce used on this pizza also sets it apart. While it shares similarities with traditional tomato-based pizza sauces, the Cuban variety tends to be slightly sweeter and more robust in flavor. This difference comes from using ripe, local tomatoes, which are often sweeter than those used in other types of pizza sauces.
The sauce is typically seasoned with a blend of garlic, onions, oregano, and a hint of sugar. These ingredients create a rich, flavorful base that pairs perfectly with the other components. The sauce is usually applied generously, soaking into the soft crust and enhancing the overall flavor.
The Cheese: A Unique Blend
Cheese plays a central role in this pizza, but it’s not just mozzarella. Instead, this version often features a mix of local cheeses, such as queso blanco (a white cheese similar to mozzarella) and queso gouda (Gouda cheese). The use of Gouda is particularly notable, as it adds a rich, creamy texture and a slightly nutty flavor.
In some variations, queso crema (cream cheese) is used as a topping or mixed with other cheeses. This addition creates a layer of creaminess that complements the softness of the dough and the sweetness of the sauce.
The Toppings: A Fusion of Flavors
Toppings blend traditional and local flavors, reflecting the island’s diverse culinary influences. Common toppings include ham, chorizo, onions, green peppers, and olives. In some cases, you might find unconventional toppings like plantains or picadillo (a Cuban ground beef hash with olives and raisins).
One popular variation is the pizza de jamón y piña (ham and pineapple pizza). Although similar to the controversial Hawaiian pizza, it has a distinct Cuban twist. The combination of sweet dough, savory ham, and tangy pineapple creates a flavor profile that’s both familiar and unique.
How Is It Made?
The Dough: Preparing the Base
To make authentic Cuban pizza dough, you’ll need the following ingredients:
- 2 cups of all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon of yeast
- 1 tablespoon of sugar
- 1 teaspoon of salt
- 3/4 cup of warm water
- 1 tablespoon of olive oil
Instructions:
- Activate the yeast: In a small bowl, dissolve the yeast and sugar in warm water. Let it sit for about 5 minutes until frothy.
- Prepare the dough: In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour and salt. Slowly add the yeast mixture and olive oil, stirring until a dough forms.
- Knead the dough: Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and knead for about 8-10 minutes until smooth and elastic.
- Let the dough rise: Place the dough in a greased bowl, cover with a damp cloth, and let it rise in a warm place for about 1 hour, or until doubled in size.
- Shape the dough: After the dough has risen, punch it down and divide it into two equal portions. Roll each portion into a circle, about 1/4 inch thick, and transfer to a baking sheet or pizza stone.
The Sauce: Creating the Flavorful Base
To make the sauce, you’ll need the following ingredients:
- 1 can (15 oz) of tomato sauce
- 2 cloves of garlic, minced
- 1 small onion, finely chopped
- 1 teaspoon of dried oregano
- 1 tablespoon of sugar
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1 tablespoon of olive oil
Instructions:
- Sauté the aromatics: In a saucepan, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and chopped onion, sautéing until soft and fragrant.
- Prepare the sauce: Add the tomato sauce to the pan, followed by the oregano, sugar, salt, and pepper. Stir well to combine.
- Simmer the sauce: Reduce the heat to low and let the sauce simmer for about 15 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld together.
- Cool the sauce: Remove the sauce from the heat and let it cool slightly before spreading it onto the dough.
The Cheese and Toppings: Assembling the Pizza
Now that your dough and sauce are ready, it’s time to assemble your pizza. For a classic Cuban pizza, you’ll need the following toppings:
- 1 cup of shredded queso blanco
- 1/2 cup of shredded Gouda cheese
- 1/2 cup of ham, diced
- 1/4 cup of green peppers, thinly sliced
- 1/4 cup of onions, thinly sliced
- Olives (optional)
- Pineapple chunks (optional)
Instructions:
- Preheat the oven: Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C).
- Assemble the pizza: Spread a generous amount of sauce over the prepared dough. Top with the shredded cheeses, followed by the diced ham, green peppers, onions, and olives.
- Bake the pizza: Place the pizza in the preheated oven and bake for 12-15 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and bubbly, and the crust is golden brown.
- Serve: Remove the pizza from the oven and let it cool for a few minutes before slicing. Serve hot, garnished with fresh herbs if desired.
The Cultural Significance of Cuban Pizza
A Staple of Cuban Street Food
This pizza has become an integral part of the island’s street food culture. Vendors sell it in bustling markets, on street corners, and in small, family-run pizzerias across the country. The affordability and accessibility of this dish have made it a favorite among locals, who often enjoy it as a quick, satisfying meal on the go.
In Havana, particularly, this pizza is ubiquitous. Whether you’re walking through Old Havana’s historic streets or exploring the vibrant neighborhoods of Vedado, you’re sure to encounter a pizzeria offering this beloved dish. The sight of vendors pulling fresh, hot pizzas from makeshift ovens and the enticing aroma of baking dough and melted cheese are quintessential parts of the Cuban experience.
The Role in Cuban-American Communities
This pizza has also gained popularity outside of Cuba, particularly in Cuban-American communities in the United States. Cities like Miami, which have large Cuban populations, are home to numerous pizzerias that specialize in authentic Cuban pizza. These establishments serve as cultural touchstones, preserving and promoting Cuban culinary traditions in the diaspora.
For many Cuban-Americans, enjoying a slice of this pizza is a way to connect with their heritage and share a piece of their culture with others. The distinct flavor and texture of the dish set it apart from other types, offering a taste of home for those far from the island.
Global Recognition
In recent years, this unique pizza has attracted the attention of food enthusiasts and travelers from around the world. As more people seek authentic and unique culinary experiences, this pizza has become a must-try dish for those visiting the island or exploring Cuban cuisine.
Food bloggers, chefs, and culinary influencers have highlighted the dish in their work. They showcase its distinctive qualities and encourage others to try it for themselves. As a result, this pizza is gradually gaining recognition beyond Cuba and Cuban-American communities, contributing to the global appreciation of the island’s rich culinary heritage.
How It Compares to Other Types of Pizza
Cuban vs. Italian Pizza
Both Cuban and Italian pizzas share the basic concept—dough topped with sauce, cheese, and other ingredients. However, the differences between the two are striking. Italian pizza, particularly the Neapolitan style, is known for its thin, crispy crust, minimal toppings, and emphasis on fresh, high-quality ingredients.
In contrast, the Cuban style is characterized by its thicker, softer crust, sweeter sauce, and unique blend of cheeses. The toppings are often more varied and may include ingredients not typically found on Italian pizzas, such as ham, chorizo, and plantains.
Another key difference is the way the pizzas are prepared and consumed. Italian pizza is often cooked in wood-fired ovens at high temperatures, resulting in a blistered, slightly charred crust. The Cuban style, on the other hand, is typically baked in standard or homemade makeshift ovens, giving it a more homestyle, rustic quality.
Cuban vs. New York-Style Pizza
New York-style pizza, like Cuban pizza, is a product of immigrant culinary traditions. Italian immigrants who settled in New York City in the early 20th century popularized it. New York-style pizza is known for its large, foldable slices, thin crust, and generous cheese toppings.
The Cuban version differs significantly in its crust, which is thicker and softer, and in its sweeter sauce and mixed cheeses. While New York-style pizza is often eaten on the go, the Cuban style is more commonly enjoyed as a sit-down meal, often accompanied by a cold malta (a popular non-alcoholic Cuban malt beverage) or a glass of soda.
Both styles of pizza have loyal followings, each offering a unique take on what makes pizza delicious. However, the cultural context and flavor profile of the Cuban style make it a distinct and memorable experience for those who try it.
Why You Should Try Cuban Pizza
A Unique Culinary Experience
This pizza offers a unique culinary experience that differs from more familiar styles. The combination of a soft, slightly sweet crust, flavorful sauce, and a mix of cheeses creates a flavor profile that is both comforting and exciting. Whether you’re a pizza aficionado or someone looking to try something new, the Cuban style is worth exploring.
A Taste of Cuban Culture
Eating this pizza is not just about enjoying a delicious meal; it’s also about experiencing a piece of Cuban culture. The history, ingredients, and preparation methods tell the story of a people who adapted to their circumstances and created something special. By trying this pizza, you’re not just tasting food; you’re connecting with a rich cultural tradition.
How to Find or Make It
If you live near a Cuban community, you might find a pizzeria that serves authentic Cuban pizza. Cities like Miami, for example, have numerous establishments specializing in this unique dish. However, if you’re not near such a location, don’t worry—you can try making it at home using the recipes and tips provided in this article.
Making this pizza at home allows you to experiment with different toppings and customize the pizza to your liking. Whether you stick to the classic combination of ham and cheese or try something more adventurous, the result is sure to be delicious.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is Cuban Pizza Called?
This pizza is called “pizza Cubana” in Spanish. It is known for its soft, slightly sweet crust, flavorful tomato sauce, and a unique blend of local cheeses and toppings.
What Makes Cuban Pizza Different?
The Cuban style differs from other types of pizza in several ways. Its crust is thicker and softer, its sauce is slightly sweeter, and it often features a mix of cheeses, including Gouda. The toppings are also a blend of traditional and local flavors, such as ham, chorizo, and plantains.
Can I Make Cuban Pizza at Home?
Yes, you can make this pizza at home using simple ingredients like flour, yeast, sugar, and local cheeses. The process is straightforward, and the result is a delicious, unique pizza that’s perfect for sharing with family and friends.
Where Can I Find Cuban Pizza?
You can find this dish in many Cuban communities, particularly in cities like Miami. It is also popular in Cuba, where it is sold by street vendors and in small pizzerias.
How Does Cuban Pizza Compare to Other Types of Pizza?
This pizza is unique in its flavor profile and preparation. It has a softer, sweeter crust, a more robust sauce, and a mix of local cheeses. This makes it distinct from Italian and New York-style pizzas, offering a different but equally enjoyable experience.
Conclusion: Embrace the Flavor of Cuban Pizza
With its rich history and unique flavor profile, this pizza deserves recognition and appreciation. Whether you’re a seasoned pizza lover or new to this Cuban classic, there’s something special about “pizza Cubana” that sets it apart from other types of pizza.
By trying it, you’re not only indulging in a delicious meal but also embracing a piece of Cuban culture and history. So the next time you’re in the mood for pizza, consider stepping outside the box and giving the Cuban style a try—you might just discover a new favorite.